当谈及“增加(长)”及“减少（小）”时，在学术论文中常用increase, decrease, reduce, rise, fall, decline, grow等，而在新闻媒体，特别是财经报道中，surge, soar, up, go up, jump, climb, gain, bid up, drop, plummet, slump, dive, down, off, dip, cut, shrink, contract, plunge, shed等应用频次较高。
下面是若干相关例子，供参考。
★The changes observed in the mechanical properties of polymers from plasticizers are similar to the reductions in the mechanical properties of coal resulting from CO2 adsorption. This suggests that the reductions in stiffness and strength of CO2 saturated coal may be related to the interaction of coal and CO2 as a plasticizer.
★Some automated core scanners have the capacity to maintain to constant distance between the detector and the sample surface during measurement, which can reduce this effect.
★The experimental data showed that the elastic modulus of coal can decrease up to 19% when CO2 is injected into coal specimens and the strength of coal can be reduced by 20%.
★Elements such as Na, Ca, K and Fe, for example, may lower the fusion temperatures of coal ash, leading to build-up of slags and other deposits in combustion applications.
★China's trade surplus soared by almost half last year to a record $382 billion, the government announced Tuesday.
★Total trade in 2014 rose just 3.4 percent from the year before, far below authorities' aim of about 7.5 percent and the third consecutive year the official target has been missed.
★GDP expanded an annual 7.3 percent in the third quarter, the slowest since the height of the global financial crisis in early 2009.
★For December alone, the trade surplus soared 93.5 percent year-on-year to $49.6 billion, as exports increased 9.7 percent to $227.5 billion and imports fell 2.4 percent to $177.9 billion, Customs said.
★Shares in Li Ka-shing's firms soar on re-structuring plan.
★Shares of property giant Cheung Kong Holdings, and investment holding firm Hutchison Whampoa, surged on Monday in Hong Kong after a restructuring announcement.
★Meanwhile Hutchison Whampoa's shares had surged more than 12%.
★European stock markets inched higher on Monday, putting aside concerns over Greece that unsettled the euro after Chinese stocks rallied almost 5 percent.
★Cheung Kong's shares were up in Hong Kong as much as 14% in afternoon trading on Monday.
★The country’s stocks plummet 8% as regulators prick stock bubble.
★The Shanghai Composite Index was down 8.3 percent at 3,096.64, giving investors a wild ride after a year in which China's stock market marched higher despite slowing economic growth. For the past three months, the index is still up 32 percent. Its dive rubbed off on Hong Kong where the Hang Seng was off 2.1 percent at 23,605.00. Japan's Nikkei 225 rose 0.9 percent to 17,014.29 and South Korea's Kospi gained 0.8 percent to 1,902.62. Australia's S&P/ASX 200 rose 0.2 percent to 5,309.10. Shares were also higher in Taiwan, New Zealand and Southeast Asia.
★Hong Kong-based mid-sized Reorient Group (376.Hong Kong) jumped 177% at the open to trade at 25 Hong Kong dollars this morning.
★All of Alibaba-controlled subsidiaries listed in Hong Kong have done very well this year, because of investors’ confidence in the Ali-name. Intime Retail (1833.Hong Kong) has jumped 138%, Alibaba Health (241.Hong Kong) gained 108%, Alibaba Pictures (1060.Hong Kong) rose 137%.
★Rescuers pulled at least three people from the wreckage of a capsized Chinese cruise ship Tuesday as fears mounted for the more than 400 people still missing after the boat sank in a storm.
★The outbreak of the MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) virus has fuelled growing public alarm, and online retailers reported a 700 percent surge in sales of face masks over the weekend.
★He had quickly climbed the wealth ranks in China as the company stock soared -- shares surged 625% over the past year prior to the crash.
★It also provoked local resentment, as wealthy immigrants bid up property prices in places like Vancouver.
★Health care prices have risen at the slowest rate in nearly 50 years.
★As medical costs go up, that need grows more pressing. Now, for the first time, we have not just the need but the will to get this job done.”
★Wages for American workers continue to rise. And since I took office, the United States has cut our deficit by two-thirds.
★Like other asset bubbles, housing bubbles are notoriously difficult to detect until they pop, but there is growing evidence of the country's bubble bursting. After rising 26 percent a year for ten years, the value of residential property transactions in the forty cities fell by 14 percent from April 2013 to August 2014. The impact has been even bigger in the major cities, with a 33 percent drop in ... and 21 percent in ....
★That is little changed from a preliminary reading of 49.1, and up a touch from April's 48.9.
★Factory output also shrank for the first time this year as the sub-index slipped under 50.
★A solid fall in new export work contributed to fewer new orders, which in turn led to the first contraction of output in 2015 so far.
★The PMI showed factory employment shrank in May for the 18th straight month, even though the pace of contraction eased from the rates seen in March and April.
★That has fueled speculation that the country's central bank, which has cut interest rates three times in six months, is likely to lower rates again this year.
★Macau's gambling revenue falls 37 percent in May.
★Gambling revenue in the Chinese territory of Macau plummeted 37 percent in May, marking one year of consecutive declines as wealthy gamblers continued to steer clear of the country's only legal casino hub.
★Gambling revenue fell to 20.3 billion patacas ($2.5 billion) in May from 32.4 billion patacas a year earlier, showed data released by the Macau government on Monday. Analysts were expecting a decline of around 38 percent.
★Oil prices dipped about 0.7 percent to $65.12.
★On Seoul stock markets, share prices of some pharmaceutical firms jumped by the daily limit of 15 percent on Tuesday, while those of airline and travel operators took a dive.
★Stock in the company plummeted by 47% in a single hour of trading in late May.
★His stake dropped by as much as $15 billion in value, according to data compiled by CNNMoney.
★Worryingly for the local governments, land purchased by property developers slumped by over 30 percent in the first two months of 2015.
★South Korea's outbreak of the potentially deadly MERS virus on Thursday forced the central bank to cut its key interest rate to ward off greater economic damage, as retailers report a slump in business.
★Businesses including shopping malls, restaurants and cinemas have reported a sharp drop in sales as people shun public venues with large crowds.
★Bank of Korea governor Lee Ju-Yeol said slowing exports and threats to business from MERS were central to the decision to cut its benchmark rate by a quarter percentage point, to a record low of 1.5 percent, which was the first cut since March, when the central bank made a surprise cut of 25 basis points.
★The SCMP/Creda Index, a collaboration of the South China Morning Post and China Real Estate Data Academy, shows new homes prices in the city climbed 6.7% last month.
★A study he produced with Chinese scientists in 2012 showed a steep decline in coral cover in the area due to such pressures, which are affecting reefs globally.
★The decline last month, however, was better than the 6.1% drop in April, so markets could be near the bottom.
★Interventions by authorities including a surprise interest rate cut at the weekend -- the fourth since November -- and relaxing rules on margin trading have failed to arrest the declines.
★The securities regulator has pledged to crack down on market manipulation after rumors that foreign short-sellers were behind recent share price plunges.
★The CSI300 index of the largest listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen dropped 5.4 percent to close at 3,885.92, while the Shanghai Composite Index shed 5.8 percent to 3,686.92 points.
★Share prices rocketed on Monday in response to Beijing's measures.
★On Wall Street the Dow added 0.55 percent, the S&P 500 jumped 0.62 percent and the Nasdaq rose 0.11 percent.
★If the stock market crashes, though, and it shaves 0.5% to 1% off gross domestic product as Societe Generale estimates it could, then the government has no choice but to stall the machine.
★Funding for this type of work (basic research) has fallen significantly over the past 50 years, according to a recent report out of MIT. Here's a chart showing the drop in US funding for basic research from 1968 to 2015:....
★Today, the number of seniors in poverty has fallen dramatically.... And, by the way, since the Affordable Care Act was signed into law, the uninsured rate for all Americans has fallen by about one-third.
