Strength of copolymer grouting material based on orthogonal experiment
基于正交试验的共聚物注浆材料强度研究
Journal of Central South University of Technology, February 2009, Volume 16, Issue 1, pp 143-148
Abstract: Using the orthogonal experimental design method involving three factors and three levels, the flexural strength and the compressive strength of copolymer grouting material were studied with different compositions of water-cement ratio (mass fraction of water to cement), epoxy resin content, and waterborne epoxy curing agent content. By orthogonal range and variance analysis, the orders of three factors to influence the strength, the significance levels of different factors, and the optimized compound ratio scheme of copolymer grouting material mixture at different curing ages were determined. An empirical relationship among the strength of copolymer grouting material, the water-cement ratio, the epoxy resin content, and the waterborne epoxy curing agent content was established by multivariate regression analysis. The results indicate that water-cement ratio is the most principal and significant influencing factor on the strength. Epoxy resin content and waterborne epoxy curing agent content also have a significant influence on the strength. But epoxy resin content has a greater influence on the 7-day and 28-day flexural strength, and waterborne epoxy curing agent content has a greater influence on the 3-day flexural strength and the compressive strength. The copolymer grouting material with water-cement ratio of 0.4, epoxy resin content of 8% (mass fraction) and waterborne epoxy curing agent content of 2% (mass fraction) is the best one for repairing of cement concrete pavement. The flexural strength and the compressive strength have good correlation, and the ratio of compressive strength to flexural strength is between 1.0 and 3.3.
Development of Grouting Material for Fly Ash Backfilling by Application of Chemical Injection
应用化学注入开发粉煤灰回填注浆材料
Mine Planning and Equipment Selection, 2014, pp 403-410
Abstract: The technology of grouting, like the several other ground improvement methods, is in a constant state of flux, with new materials and construction techniques being developed constantly. Modern grouting began in the mining industries, concerned with seepage and strength control in mines, tunnels and shafts, then was taken up by civil engineering. In order to reduce the water flow through soil or fractured rock mass, grouting is a commonly used method and a very important method. In particular, in dam construction, grouting is the method used abundantly to ensure water-tightness and tightness. Generally, grouting in dam construction is the construction method that soil voids and crack around borehole is filled by pressurized injection of grouting material such as cement and permeability or mechanical characteristics of rock mass is improved.
It was previously mentioned that backfilling material plays an important role as a support against overburden pressure after finishing construction. Therefore most of the underground deformations caused by the injection may be caused by changing the condition of surrounding rock masses and numbers of cracks. That is why the discussion of appropriate injection methods, etc. in preparation for such changes is inevitable. From this point of view, the new backfilling material can be developed for several kinds of soil conditions in this paper.
Properties and hydration mechanism on high-strength anchorage grouting material for highway slope
公路斜坡高强度锚固注浆材料的特性与水化机理
Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater. Sci. Ed. December 2013, Volume 28, Issue 6, pp 1181-1185
Abstract: The rheological and mechanical properties of high-strength anchorage grouting materials for highway slope were investigated to optimize the mix proportion. The experimental results showed that the optimized mix proportion of high-strength anchorage grouting material (HAGM) was C3 (FA:SP:SF= 1:2:2; AG1:AG2=3:7 and 0.03% FC), which is agreement with the limitation of JCT 986–2005. Moreover, the XRD and FTIR results showed the addition of expansive components was in favor of the formation of ettringite. The intensity of AFt peak of the samples increased with the increasing of hydration time.
Compressive strength of polymer grouting material at different temperatures
不同温度条件下聚合物注浆材料的抗压强度
Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater. Sci. Ed. December 2010, Volume 25, Issue 6, pp 962-965
Abstract: In order to study the influence of temperature on compressive strength of polymer grouting material, the compression specimen injection mold is self-made, and the uniaxial compressive test was carried out in the temperature control box under different temperatures. The change regularity of compressive strength of polymer grouting material under different temperatures and the law of volume changes of polymer samples were obtained. The experimental results show that: the compressive strength of polymer material increases with the increase of density; the temperature change has a certain influence on the compressive strength of polymer grouting material; the compressive strength decreases with temperature increases under the same density, but the compressive strength is not significantly affected by temperature when the density is less than 0.4 g/cm3; the volume change of the samples accords with the law of thermal expansion and contraction when temperature changes, and the increase of the volume is obvious when it is under high temperature. The achievements will provide an important basis to the application of the polymer grouting material.
Application of New Theories and Technology for Grouting of Dams and Foundations on Rock
新理论和新技术在坝体和岩基注浆中的应用
Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, June 2012, Volume 30, Issue 3, pp 603-624
Abstract: Permeation grouting is used to improve rock conditions under dams and foundations. During recent decades, there has been a substantial increase of understanding of the mechanism behind grout spread in fractured rock. It is the penetrability of the grout mix and the spread in the joints which will be the governing factors for the quality of the grout curtain. The flow properties and the pressure will give the required time to achieve the quality. The empirical based refusal and completion criteria of today can be replaced by a more engineering based grouting process. An active control method has been developed in order to govern the grout spread during the grouting operation based on the new theory of spreading of grout. The concept is called the “real time grouting control method”. The concept and the latest finding of the mechanism of spreading of the grout in the fractures of the rock mass are presented in the paper. The application of the method on two dam projects is also presented.
Performance of Mortar and Chemical Grout Injection into Surrounding Soil When Slurry Pipe-jacking Method is Used
使用泥水平衡顶管方法时砂浆和化学浆液在围土中的性能
Geotechnical & Geological Engineering, February 2006, Volume 24, Issue 1, pp 57-77
Abstract: Small-diameter shallow tunnels are often being built by using the slurry pipe-jacking method. This system involves the pushing or thrusting of a drivage machine and concrete pipes into the ground. Chemical grout injection into the surrounding soil around the tunnel is carried out after the drivage and pushing processes are finished. The purpose of the chemical grout injection is to maintain permanent stability of the surrounding soil. However, the behavior of the chemical grouting material in the surrounding soil around the tunnel and the amount of optimum injection is not clearly understood. From these points of view, this paper discusses the performance of the chemical grouting material, when it is injected into the surrounding soil around the tunnel, by means of 2-D Eulerian–Lagrangian seepage analysis. Moreover, the effectiveness of the chemical grout injection was evaluated by using the non-linear finite element method. This investigation show when the range of the grouted zone is designed; it is necessary that the relationship between Young’s modulus of the soil/grouted zone and the confining stress be taken into consideration in order to establish effective, economical and safe chemical grout injection system. Understanding the performance of the seepage/dispersion behavior of the chemical grout and the characteristics of soil/ grouted zone is also important.
On the development of unmodified mud grouts for repairing earth constructions: rheology, strength and adhesion
用于修复土建筑的非改性泥浆的开发：流变、强度及粘性
Materials and Structures, October 2012, Volume 45, Issue 10, pp 1497-1512
Abstract: The conservation and rehabilitation of several sites of cultural heritage and of the large housing stock built from earth requires the development of techniques and materials compatible with this kind of construction. Grout injection is one repair solution which has been put forward over the last few years, whereas there is preference for employing grouts that incorporate earth in their composition. However, knowledge of such grouts is still very limited and requires further research. The experimental program discussed in this paper contributes to the comprehension of the influence of the composition of an unmodified mud grout, namely regarding its fresh-state rheology, hardened-state strength and adhesion. In general, the results obtained showed that the rheological behaviour of a mud grout greatly depends on the colloid behaviour of the clay fraction, and that the addition of a deflocculant and modification of the clay content (with a silt size material) is required to obtain grouts with adequate solid fractions.
Effect of incremental loading on the creep behaviour of chemically grouted sand
递增加荷对化学注浆沙蠕变性能的影响
Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, June 1999, Volume 57, Issue 4, pp 353-358
Abstract: This paper describes the results of a study on the stress-strain time dependent (creep) behaviour of silicate-Hardener 600B grouted Leighton Buzzard sand specimens when subjected to incremental loading at certain time intervals. Unconfined and confined multi-stage creep tests were conducted on sand specimens injected with different silicate content grouts which cover the range generally used in engineering practice. The laboratory results showed that creep movements increase with the increase in stress ratio causing a rise in strain rate which ultimately leads to creep rupture (complete failure). However, an increase in the stress ratio does not affect the linear relationship between logarithm of strain rate and the logarithm of time suggesting that the three parameter phenomenological relationship of Singh and Mitchell (1968) may be suitable to describe the multi-stage creep behaviour of silicate-Hardener 600B grouted sand.
