在学科服务工作中，笔者浏览了若干篇有关“工程地质”方面的英文文献，对其中题名为“Investigation of a pore pressure driven slope failure using a coupled hydro-mechanical model” ,“Practical design of rockfall catchfence at urban area from a numerical analysis approach”and “Development of globally applicable model for near real-time predication of seismically induced landslides”(Engineering Geology, Vol. 178, 21 August 2014, Vol. 172, 8 April 2014 and Vol. 173, 1 May 2014, respectively)等论文印象比较深刻，因为这些文章包含了有关“slope failure” ，“rockfall” 以及“landslide”现场观测与实验模拟方面的主要词汇。为此，笔者把文中相关词汇作了系统收集，有些还附上了例句。尽管approximately, linearly, significantly, slightly, perspective, comparison, “figure”等等并不是专业术语，也收集在其中，将有关例句附后，这是因为这些看似“不起眼”的副词、形容词和名词在相关论文中也发挥着比较重要的作用。
下面是“工程地质”主要专业术语（词汇）及用法第二部分。
★landslide area e.g. We cannot be certain whether landslides did or did not occur in the regions outside of the mapped landslide area.
★landslide dam
★landslide distribution e.g. Empirical studies suggest that the bedrock lithology, slope, seismic intensity, topographical amplification of ground motion, fracture systems in the underlying bedrock, groundwater conditions, and also the distribution of pre existing landslides all have some impact on the landslide distribution, among factors.
★landslide hazard modeling e.g. The main objective of landslide hazard modeling is to predict areas prone to landslides either spatially or temporally.
★landslide inventories e.g. In order to apply this approach to a global data set, we use multiple landslide inventories to calibrate the model. Using the model formula previously determined (using the Wenchuan earthquake data), we use the four datasets discussed in Section 1.3.1 in our global database to determine the coefficients for the global model.
★landslide probability model e.g. The resulting database is used to build a predicative model of the probability of landslide occurrence.
★landslide susceptibility
★landslide observation e.g. Cells are classified as landslides if any portion of that grid cell contains a landslide observation, in order to easily incorporate binary observations into the logistic regression.
★landslides e.g. Substantial effort has been invested to understand where seismically induced landslides may occur in the future, as they are a costly and frequently fatal threat in mountainous regions; Performance of the regression model is assessed using statistical goodness-of-fit metrics and a qualitative review to determine which combination of the proxies provides both the optimum predication of landslide-affected areas and minimizes the false alarms in non-landslide zones; Approximately 5% of all earthquake-related fatalities are caused by seismically induced landslides, in some cases causing a majority of non-shaking deaths; Possible case histories of earthquake-triggered landslides to add to the global dataset include….
★landslip
★limit equilibrium methods
★line slope profile
★linearly e.g. In order to determine if such an increase in water levels could be the cause of increased down slope movement the bottom head boundary condition of both the Shetran and Flac-tp model was increased linearly by 0 to 4 m over the length of the lower slope and linearly by 4 to 5 m over the length of the upper slope.
★low angle failure
★lower slope
★macroscopic indicators e.g. Unsaturated residual shear strength can also be used as a macroscopic indicator of the nature of micro-structural changes experienced by the soils when subjected to drying.
★material parameters
★mechanical analysis
★mechanical landslide modeling e.g. These data were originally calculated for the purpose of mechanical landslide modeling, and are used here as a statistical constraint on landslide susceptibility.
★mechanical parameters
★mechanical propertied
★mechanical response
★mechanical strains
★mechanism e.g. The output pore water pressure were coupled to a mechanical analysis using the Flac-tp flow program in an attempt to distinguish the mechanisms active within the slope which were likely to produce the recorded pore water pressure.
★medium to low compressibility
★mid height
★mine tailings dams e.g. This paper reviews these factors, covering the characteristics, types and magnitudes, environmental impacts, and remediation of mine tailings dam failures.
★minimal e.g. The brown sand and gravel at depth were also omitted from the model as their effects on the surface failure were assumed to be minimal.
★minimum e.g. This conceptual model allowed the deformation of elements within the slope to be kept to a minimum.
★moisture content e.g. We use the Compound Topographic Index (CTI) to represent moisture content of the area.
★model output
★moment inertia
★monitoring campaign
★movement e.g. At this time the measured displacement showed a sharp up slope movement followed by a steady but increasing down slope movement; …when a sudden down slope movement was measured; the nature of the event was uncertain yet it could be seen that the increase in down slope movement occurred after the water level increase.
★movement rates
★null hypothesis e.g. We also use the p-values (defined as the probability of finding a test statistic value as great as the observed test statistic value, assuming that the null hypothesis is true) in order to assess the significance of each regression coefficient. In this case, the null hypothesis is that the regression coefficient is equal to zero. We reject the null hypothesis if the p-value is less than the significance value (α) we choose; here, we useα=0.001, corresponding to a 99% confidence level. Therefore if p<α, we reject the null hypothesis, and thereby assume that the regression coefficient is not equal to zero, and equals the computed value (Peng et al., 2002).
★numerical studies e.g. Those numerical studies mentioned above successfully validated the usage of supplemental means for the full scale tests and also contributed to develop and optimize new type of rockfall barrier system effectively. However, very little research has been devoted to the more practical analysis of the optimal rockfall barrier system over the various unfavorable impact conditions which can usually happen in actual field conditions.
★overlying
★parametric study
★peak ground acceleration e.g. Estimates of the peak ground acceleration (PGA) and peak ground velocity (PGV) for each event are adapted from the USGS Shakemap Atlas 2.0 (Garcia et al., 2012)
★peak ground velocity
★peak strengths
★peak values of movement
★periodic surface erosion
★periodic walkover surveys
★permeability
★perspective e.g. Despite the shortcomings in site data from a modelers' perspective, the situation was typical of current instrumentation practice for a problem slope.
★phreatic surface e.g. The slope, however, was observed to remain largely saturated for most of the year with a phreatic surface near or at the surface.
★plasticity
★plasticity index
★pore pressure
★pore pressure fluctuations
★pore pressure transfer
★pore pressure variations
★pore water pressure
★predictor variables e.g. We begin modeling by assessing qualitative relationships within the data, moving forward by using logistic regression as a statistical method for establishing a functional form between the predictor variables and the outcomes (Figure 3). We iterate over combinations of predictor variables and outcomes within the model, focusing first on one training event (Wenchuan, China), with the ultimate goal of expanding the analysis to global landslide datasets.
★preferential drainage paths
★previously e.g. As discussed previously,…
★probability of landslide occurrence
★profile
★progressive failure 渐进破坏 e.g. (Abstract of a paper entitled “Progressive Failure of Lined Waste Impoundments”) “Progressive failure can occur along geosynthetic interfaces (土工合成材料界面) in lined waste landfills when peak strengths are greater than residual strengths. A displacement-softening formulation for geosynthetic interfaces was used in finite-element analyses of lined waste impoundments to evaluate the significance of progressive failure effects. First, the Kettleman Hills landfill was analyzed, and good agreement was found between the calculated and observed failure heights. Next, parametric analyses of municipal solid waste landfills were performed. Progressive failure was significant in all cases. Limit equilibrium analyses were also performed, and recommendations are provided for incorporating progressive failure effects in limit equilibrium analyses of municipal solid waste landfills”.
★range
★reference
★reference grid point e.g. Due to the different grids of the Flac-tv flow model and the Shetran model there was no reference grid point, for which readings could be taken, at the exact same depth for both models. The closest similar reference points were at 1.91m depth for the Flac-tv flow model and 1.5 m depth for the Shetran model.
★reliability e.g. Full scale rockfall tests to assess the reliability of the structure and also to investigate the interactions of the rockfall catchfence subjected to the impacts were carried out by Peila et al.
★residual failure surface
★residual friction angles
★residual shear strength parameters
★residual slope failure
★residual strengths
★restitution coefficient
★rigid body mechaics
★rock mass
★rockfall barrier system e.g. Since the impact response of the rockfall catchfence has complicated phenomena caused by materials elastic and plastic behaviors of each member (i.e. steel post, nets and cables, etc.) and also influenced by various factors; such as impact angle, impact energy, dimension of block, strength of each member, mechanical stiffness of rockfall catchfence, etc., many researchers have devoted efforts to make a more comprehensive understanding of various facets of rockfall barrier system.
★rockfall catchfences e.g. For the mitigation measure of rockfall hazards, rockfall catchfences are widely adapted in the potential hazard area to intercept and hold the falling materials.
★rockfall hazards e.g. The road has been exposed to high potential rockfall hazards as a result of the fractured columnar natural slope condition with post tectonic joints.
★rockfall protection kits
★rockfall protection mesh
★root cause
★root cause of elevated pore pressure
★rooting depth
★rotational slope failure
